Get to know Tamarind Plants

Tamarindus indica

Tamarindus indica or also known as Asam jawa or Tamarind is a fruit tree that is long and beautiful, grows up to 30 meters tall with a dense and spreading canopy. This tree has fragrant flowers and slightly hairy foliage that is usually evergreen but deciduous in dry areas.

Tamarind is widely used for food in the tropics. This tree also produces a number of other edible uses, as well as has a variety of medicinal and other applications. This tree is cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical areas as an ornamental plant and also a Bonsai plant.

Tamarindus indica or Tamarind is a large tree with a wide geographical distribution. Although the origin of this species is not completely resolved, it is thought to have originated in tropical Africa, but it has become an ancient introduction to many countries. The population is large, and there are no known threats. This plant is classified as 'Little Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2013).

CHARACTERS OF TAMARIND TREE

Tamarind grows best in the arid regions of the tropics, although it can also do well in wetter areas and monsoons during different dry seasons. Tamarindus Indica is often found in lowland forests, savannas and shrubs, often associated with termite nests. Prefers semi-arid areas and forested meadows, and can also be found growing along streams and river banks to elevations of up to 1,500 meters. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are in the range of 20 - 35 ° c. but can tolerate 12 - 45 ° c. When dormant, plants can survive temperatures up to approx. -3 ° c, but young growth can be severely damaged at -1 ° c. Tamarind plants are very sensitive to frost. As for rainfall, it prefers average annual rainfall in the range 800 - 3,000mm, and can tolerate 300 - 4,500mm.

Regardless of the total annual rainfall, a long and well-marked dry season is required for fruiting. Plants do well in a wide variety of soils, although they prefer fertile, well-drained soil in a sunny place.

Trees begin to bear fruit at the age of 7-10 years, with a maximum yield of about 15 years and continue to bear fruit for up to 200 years. While the highest yield is 200 kg in 1 tree.

THE BENEFITS AND USES OF THE JAVA ACID TREE

USE AS FOOD

When the fruit is fully ripe, the pods contain a sticky paste which can be eaten raw, used to make drinks, jellies, syrups, etc., and, mixed with salt, is a favorite flavoring in curries in India. This paste is usually quite acidic due to the tartaric acid content. acetate and citrate thereof.
The seeds can be ground into flour. Roasted beans are also used as a substitute for coffee.

DRUG BENEFITS

The bark is astringent and tonic and the ashes can be administered internally for digestion. Put in lotions or poultices, the bark can be used to heal wounds, boils, boils and rashes. It can also be given as a herb against asthma and amenorrhea and as a febrifuge.
The leaf extract exhibits anti-oxidant activity in the liver, and is a common ingredient in heart and blood sugar-lowering drugs.
Young leaves can be used as an activator for rheumatism, applied to wounds and wounds, or given as a poultice for arthritis to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
The leaves and flowers are used to make sweet tea which children drink as a medicine for measles.
Tamarind is also used in a preparation taken by mouth in early Guyana as a medicine for malaria.
Flower bud decoction is used as a medicine for children with bed-wetting and urinary complaints.
Syrup made from ripe fruit is drunk to maintain the health of the digestive organs, as well as a cough and cold medicine.
The pulp is eaten to cure fever and control stomach acid.
Powdered seeds can be given to cure dysentery and diarrhea.

AGROFORESTRY USES

Tamarind is very unsuitable when side by side with other plants due to its dense shade, widespread canopy and allelopathic effects. It has been tested as an agroforestry species in India but despite the reduced yields of species such as teak, its crown spread makes it less suitable for planting with other species. The dense shade makes it more suitable for firebreaking as no grass will grow under this tree. Tamarind has deep roots making it very resistant to storms and suitable for windbreaks.

OTHER USES

The wood of the Tamarind tree has a light yellow sapwood, the core of the wood is dark purple brown; very hard, durable and strong (specific gravity 0.8-0.9g / cubic m), and well polished. It is used for general carpentry, sugar factories, wheels, hubs, wood tools, farm tools, mortar, boat boards, toys, panels and furniture. In North America, tamarind wood has been traded under the name 'Madeira mahogany'.

The pulp, sometimes mixed with sea salt, is used to polish silver, copper and brass. The seeds contain pectin which can be used to measure textiles.
Yellow seed oil - which resembles linseed oil - is perfect for making paints and varnishes and for burning in lamps.
The leaves and bark are rich in tannins. Bark tannins can be used for ink or to fix dyes.
Tamarind is also a good producer of firewood with a calorific value of 4 850 kcal / kg, also produces very good charcoal.
Besides that, Tamarind is also the most popular Bonsai object in the Asian region.

TAMARIND TREE CULTIVATION

For Acid Cultivation, it can be done with seeds, which when dried, can last for several years at room temperature. Soak the seeds for 24 hours in warm water and sow them in a nursery or nursery at 21 ° C. For more details, please read the article "HOW TO CULTIVATE JAVA ACID".

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